Overexpression of the Purple Perilla ( Perilla frutescens (L.)) FAD3a Gene Enhances Salt Tolerance in Soybean.

The increasingly serious trend of soil salinization inhibits the normal growth and development of soybeans, leading to reduced yields and a serious threat to global crop production. Microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase encoded by the gene is a plant enzyme that plays a significant role in α-linolenic acid synthesis via regulating the membrane fluidity to better accommodate various abiotic stresses. In this study, was isolated from perilla and overexpressed in soybeans driven by CaMV P35S, and the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was then evaluated. The results showed that overexpression of increased the expression of in both the leaves and seeds of transgenic soybean plants, and α-linolenic acid content also significantly increased; hence, it was shown to significantly enhance the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that overexpression of increased the relative chlorophyll content and PSII maximum photochemical efficiency of transgenic soybean plants under salt stress; meanwhile, a decreased accumulation of MDA, HO, and O2•-, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), as well as the production of proline and soluble sugar. In summary, the overexpression of may enhance the salt tolerance in transgenic soybean plants through enhanced membrane fluidity and through the antioxidant capacity induced by C18:3.