Pediatric Cranial Vault and Skull Base Fractures

Although the majority of pediatric skull fractures is nonoperative and may be managed conservatively, the pattern of cranial vault and skull base fractures seen in children varies with their evolving anatomy and requires vigilant management of unique complications, some seen only in the pediatric population. These unique complications are associated with a growing skull and orbital fractures as well as bone flap resorption. The surgical techniques described for the treatment of these fractures are unique and differ compared with the techniques used in adults. Although the surgical repair of skull base fractures may be complex, requiring a multidisciplinary team approach, the spectrum of surgical indications and techniques used are well described in the pediatric and adult literature.