Leave NOSTONE unturned: are thiazides useless in preventing kidney stone recurrence?

Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is the second most frequent kidney disease after hypertension, affecting up to ∼ 20% of men and ∼ 10% of women in industrialized countries. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis has consistently increased over the last 50 years 1 Scales CD, Jr., Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS, Urologic Diseases in America P. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. Eur Urol 2012;62(1):160-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052. Google Scholar . Nephrolithiasis represents a considerable burden for healthcare systems, with the total health-care expenditure for kidney stones exceeding US$ 10 billion in 2006 in the USA alone 2 Urologic Diseases in America. Department of Health and Human Services USA, National Institutes of Health & National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. US Government Printing Office; 2012. Google Scholar .