Adjuvant chemotherapy, not radiotherapy, prolongs survival for node-negative non-small cell lung cancer with positive surgical margins.

In treatment-naïve cT1-4N0M0 pN0 non-small cell lung cancer with positive surgical margins, only adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a survival improvement compared with surgery alone, with no radiotherapy-inclusive treatment providing additional survival benefit. Delayed timing of radiotherapy initiation was not associated with a survival reduction.