Risk Factors for the Development of Early Recurrence in Patients with Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma

Background Disease recurrence after retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) surgery is common, and resection may offer no benefit for patients who experience recurrence early. This study examined the incidence of early recurrence (EREC) in RPS patients, and the association between EREC and prognosis, aiming to identify the factors associated with EREC. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for primary RPS from 2008 to 2019 at two tertiary RPS centers were analyzed. The study defined EREC as any evidence of local recurrence and/or distant metastases on the CT scan up to 6 months after surgery. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of EREC. Results Of the 692 patients who underwent surgery during the study period, 657 were included in the analysis. Sixty-five of these patients (9.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7–12.4%) developed EREC. Five-year OS was 3% for the patients with EREC versus 76% for those without EREC ( p < 0.001). Patient characteristics were compared between the EREC and non-EREC patients, and EREC was found to be significantly associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ( p = 0.006), tumor histology ( p = 0.002), tumor grading ( p < 0.001), radiotherapy ( p = 0.04), and postoperative complications measured as a comprehensive complications index value ( p = 0.003). However, the only significant independent predictor of EREC in the multivariable analysis was grade 3 tumors, with an odds ratio of 14.8 (95% CI, 4.44–49.2; p < 0.001). Conclusion Early recurrence is associated with a poor prognosis, and a high tumor grade is an independent predictor for the development of EREC. Patients with EREC may benefit the most from new therapeutic options such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.