Using social marketing theory as a framework for understanding barriers and facilitators of human papillomavirus screening in women: A qualitative study.

Lack of knowledge about HPV and screening, negative attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases, taboo about sexual issues in society, fear of the reaction of spouse and family members, lack of proper policies and information and communication challenges, high costs of screening, access barriers to facilities such as difficult transportation have been challenges of health systems. It is suggested that HPV screening as a standard method for detection of cervical cancer be considered and the barriers to access are removed.