Temporomandibular Disorders as Contributors to Primary Headaches: A Systematic Review.

The association between TMDs and primary headaches is of great interest given the possible effectiveness of TMD management in reducing headache intensity/frequency in patients with TMDs and headache comorbidity. A moderate association was found for mixed TMDs with primary headaches, in particular migraine and ETTH. However, owing to the overall moderate certainty of evidence of the present findings, further longitudinal studies with larger samples investigating possible associated factors and using accurate TMD and headache category assignment are needed.