Reintubation Rate between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation versus Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Neonates: a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.

An open-label parallel randomized study was performed. Extubated preterm and term neonates were randomly allocated into nHFOV or sNIPPV modes; the reintubation rate was evaluated within 7 days after extubation between the two modes. Subgroup analyses were performed for preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) and very preterm (gestational age < 32 weeks) neonates. The sample calculation was 1,050 neonates; however, this trial was stopped early as enrolment was too slow. From July 2020 to June 2022, 202 neonates were assessed for eligibility and 69 neonates were excluded. Finally, 133 neonates were randomly allocated to the study interventions (nHFOV = 67, sNIPPV = 66). The median gestational age and birth weight were 33 (30-37) weeks and 1,910 (1,355-2,836) g, respectively. The reintubation rate within 7 days did not significantly differ between the groups (nHFOV [5/67, 7%] vs. sNIPPV [4/66, 6%]); risk difference [95% confidence interval] = 0.01 [-0.08-0.11]; = 0.99); including preterm (nHFOV [4/55, 7%] vs. sNIPPV [3/44, 7%]) and very preterm (nHFOV [3/25, 12%] vs. sNIPPV [3/25, 12%]) neonates. After neonatal extubation, there was no significant difference of reintubation rates within 7 days between nHFOV and sNIPPV.