Dual-energy computed tomography for improved visualization of internal jugular chain neck lymph node metastasis and nodal necrosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose To evaluate and compare the utility of 40-keV virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) reconstructed from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the assessment of neck lymph node metastasis with 70-keV VMI, which is reportedly equivalent to conventional 120-kVp single-energy computed tomography. Materials and methods Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who had neck lymph node metastasis in contact with the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and underwent contrast-enhanced DECT were included. In 40- and 70-keV VMI, contrast differences and contrast noise ratio (CNR) between the solid component of neck lymph node metastasis (SC) and the SCM and between SC and nodal necrosis (NN) were calculated. Two board-certified radiologists independently and qualitatively evaluated the boundary discrimination between SC and SCM and the diagnostic certainty of NN. Results We evaluated 45 neck lymph node metastases. The contrast difference between SC and SCM and SC and NN were significantly higher at 40-keV VMI than at 70-keV VMI ( p < 0.001). The CNR between SC and SCM was significantly higher at 40-keV VMI than at 70-keV VMI ( p < 0.001). Scoring of the boundary discrimination between SC and SCM as well as the diagnostic certainty of NN at 40-keV VMI was significantly higher than that at 70-keV VMI ( p < 0.001). The inter-rater agreements for these scores were higher at 40-keV VMI than at 70-keV VMI. Conclusion Additional employing 40-keV VMI in routine clinical practice may be useful in the diagnosis of head and neck lymph node metastases and nodal necrosis.