Factors affecting participation in the colorectal cancer screening program: a cross-sectional population study

Purpose Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires. Individuals who underwent colonoscopy within the last 10 years or/and FIT within the last 2 years were classified as participants in the screening. Results 1050 individuals underwent FIT, 464 colonoscopy, and 558 underwent both. Adjusted for age, gender, and education, a higher chance of participation in the screening was observed in groups of non-smokers (OR = 1.25; CI 1.05–1.48), ex-smokers (OR = 1.51; CI 1.26–1.83), consuming smoked meat products less than once a week (OR = 1.26; CI 1.09–1.45), practicing physical activity at least once a week (OR = 1.25; CI 1.03–1.51), hospitalized in the past 12 months (OR = 1.73; CI 1.47–2.05), or consulting a general practitioner (GP) in the past 12 months (OR = 2.26; CI 1.87–2.74). The chance of participation of individuals having a risk factor for CRC (obesity, smoking, diabetes, low physical activity, alcohol drinking) was not higher compared to those without the risk factors. Conclusion Individuals with a tendency to a healthy lifestyle or being in recent contact with the healthcare system by various means, mainly visiting a GP, had a higher participation in the screening for CRC. Among groups with an increased risk for CRC, higher participation was not shown.