Dose-dependent effects of xylooligosaccharides on glycemic regulation with L. rhamnosus CCFM1060 in diabetic mice.

Dietary intervention with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1060 has been proved to be effective on glycemic regulation in diabetic mice. Therefore characterization of the potential symbiotic effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with CCFM1060 would be desirable. In this study, we evaluated any dose-dependent relationship between XOS and CCFM1060, and the potential impact on glycemic regulation. Diabetic mice were randomly assigned to receive 5 × 10 CFU mL CCFM1060, 5 × 10 CFU mL CCFM1060 with 250 mg kg XOS (L-LXOS), or 5 × 10 CFU mL CCFM1060 with 500 mg kg XOS (L-HXOS) for 7 weeks. In addition to characterization of the host metabolism, the intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that alone and L-LXOS intervention significantly alleviated diabetes symptoms and increased the populations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. The intake of L-HXOS had an adverse effect on glucose metabolism, causing increased insulin resistance and inflammation. Although a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed in the L-HXOS group, the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as and 1, decreased. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the adverse effects of L-HXOS intervention might be attributed to the metabolic pathways involved in amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism. This study revealed that CCFM1060 combined with different doses of XOS exerted dose-dependent effects on glucose metabolism. Therefore, the type and dose of prebiotics should be carefully evaluated when developing individualized symbiotic formula.