Novel, high accuracy models for hepatocellular carcinoma prediction based on longitudinal data and cell-free DNA signatures

•We established two novel, high accuracy prediction models of HCC, called aMAP-2 and aMAP-2 Plus scores.•aMAP-2 and aMAP-2 Plus scores could overcome the limitations of the original aMAP score and the other existing HCC risk scores.•The stepwise application of aMAP scores provides an improved enrichment strategy, identifying patients at high risk of HCC.