Genomic allele-specific base editing with imperfect gRNA.

CRISPR base editor(BE)techniques are a promising tool for pre-cise cytosine(C)to thymine(T),adenine(A)to guanine(G),and CtoG base editing(CBE,ABE,and GBE,respectively)without the use of a donor DNA template conversion(Komor et al.,2016;Nishida et al.,2016;Gaudelli et al.,2017;Kurt et al.,2021;Zhao et al.,2021).A large portion of human single-gene genetic diseases are caused by an in-dividual mutation,known as single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)(Gaudelli et al.,2017;Anzalone et al.,2019).BE is ideal for correcting such SNPs and is considered a universal solution for human genetic diseases(Porto et al.,2020).