Carborane based chalcogen-fused phenazines for visible light induced ATRP.

A series of carborane derivatives (-CB-DPE, E = O, S, Se) were synthesized through a combining of the σ characteristic -carborane and chalcogen-fused phenazines. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results showed that -CB-DPEs have a visible light absorption ( > 390 nm), narrow energy gap (∼2.93 eV), and stable radical cation species. The radical cation formation process of these was proved by spectroelectrochemistry and chemical oxidation with AgSbF. Based on the above advantages, -CB-DPS showed an excellent performance on ATRP ( = 1.12, C = 97%) due to the long radical cation lifetime (700 s). These results prove that combining carborane and chalcogen-fused phenazine is a feasible method to improve the efficiency of metal-free photocatalytic ATRP.