Comment on: Chen et al. Trends and ethnic differences in stroke recurrence and mortality in a biethnic population, 2000–2019: a novel application of an illness-death model. Annals of Epidemiology, in press

Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are important in many biological processes. Cell surface expression is critical for TTSP activation and function. To date, the mechanism underlying TTSP cell surface expression is poorly understood. Corin is a TTSP and acts as the pro-atrial natriuretic peptide convertase that is essential for sodium homeostasis and normal blood pressure. In this study, we investigated how cytoplasmic tail sequences may regulate corin expression and activation on the cell surface. By site-directed mutagenesis, we made mouse corin proteins with truncations or point-mutations in the cytoplasmic tail. We expressed the mutants in transfected HEK293 cells and analyzed corin cell surface expression and activation by Western blotting and flow cytometry. We found that corin truncation mutants lacking a Lys-Phe-Gln sequence at residues 71–73 had higher levels of cell surface expression and activation compared with that in wild-type corin. When Lys-71, Phe-72 and Gln-73 residues were mutated together, but not individually, in corin with the full-length cytoplasmic tail, increased levels of cell surface expression and zymogen activation were also observed. These results indicate that residues Lys-71, Phe-72 and Gln-73 serve as a novel retention motif in the intracellular pathway to regulate corin cell surface expression and activation.