The combination of endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction (Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method) as the treatment of gynecomastia

Background: Most patients suffering from gynecomastia require treatment to maintain a smooth subcutaneous tissue contour, remove loose skin, and leave a suitable nipple-areolar complex with minimal scarring; hence, surgery has become the prime choice to treat gynecomastia. Based on our experience, Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method works well for these patients.Methods: From November 2021 to November 2022, a total of 101 gynecomastia patients featuring various Simon grades were included in this study. The patients' basic condition and surgical procedure were recorded in detail. A score of 1 to 5 was given for 6 main aesthetic aspects.Results: With Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method, the operations were successfully completed in all 101 patients. Six patients had Simon grade I, 21 grade IIA, 56 grade IIB, and 18 grade III. The average surgery time was 86.54 (range = 46-144) minutes. The average intraoperative blood loss was 22.7 (range = 10 - 75) mL. The average postoperative drainage time was 2.35 (range = 1-4) days, the drainage volume was 83.35 (range = 13-240) mL, and the drainage mainly occurred on the first postoperative day. The scores on all 6 aesthetic aspects were >4 points, which fully affirmed the aesthetic effect of this method.Conclusion: Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method is safe and feasible for treating gynecomastia and has been fully affirmed for its efficacy and cosmetic effect. It can be the main option for minimally invasive surgery to treat gynecomastia.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).