Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

M. Aguilar, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderson,L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barao, M. Barbanera, L. Barrin,A. Bartoloni,R. Battiston, N. Belyaev,J. Berdugo,B. Bertucci,V. Bindi,K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia,M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini,F. Cervelli,Y. H. Chang,G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen,H. Chen,H. S. Chen,Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou,V. Choutko,C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin,C. Corti,Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, F. D'Angelo,A. Dass, C. Delgado,S. Della Torre,M. B. Demirkoz, L. Derome,S. Di Falco,V. Di Felice,C. Diaz, F. Dimiccoli,P. von Doetinchem,F. Dong, F. Donnini,M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline,F. Faldi, J. Feng,E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher,V. Formato,C. Gamez, R. J. Garcia-Lopez, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast,M. Gervasi,F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gomez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy,D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. N. Guracho,S. Haino, K. C. Han,R. K. Hashmani,Z. H. He,B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh,J. Y. Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Ionica, M. Incagli,Yi Jia, H. Jinchi,G. Karagoz, S. Khan,B. Khiali,Th. Kirn, A. P. Klipfel,O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin,G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia,I. Lazzizzera,H. T. Lee,S. C. Lee,H. L. Li,J. Q. Li,M. Li, Q. Li,Q. Y. Li,S. Li,S. L. Li,J. H. Li,Z. H. Li, J. Liang, M. J. Liang, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. D. Luo,Xi Luo, C. Mana,J. Marin, J. Marquardt,T. Martin,G. Martinez,N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, Y. Najafi Jozani, J. Negrete, R. Nicolaidis, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro,A. Oliva,M. Orcinha, M. A. Ottupara, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov,X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani,P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin,A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, I. Rodriguez-Garcia, L. Romaneehsen, F. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, E. Savin,S. Schael,A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering,E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, G. Silvestre, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun,M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang,Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Y. Tian,Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting,N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban,I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli,R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen,M. Vazquez Acosta,M. Vecchi,M. Velasco,J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang,L. Wang,L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang,Q. L. Wang,S. Wang,X. Wang,Yu Wang,Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng,H. Wu, Y. Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, X. Z. Xiong,W. Xu, Q. Yan, H. T. Yang,Y. Yang, A. Yelland,H. Yi, Y. H. You, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, C. Zhang, F. Zhang,F. Z. Zhang,J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang,Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng,Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi,P. Zuccon

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2023）

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摘要

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic positron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 3.4 x 106 positrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The positron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the electron fluxes at short and long timescales. A hysteresis between the electron fluxes and the positron fluxes is observed with a significance greater than 5 sigma at rigidities below 8.5 GV. On the contrary, the positron fluxes and the proton fluxes show similar time variation. Remarkably, we found that positron fluxes are modulated more than proton fluxes with a significance greater than 5 sigma for rigidities below 7 GV. These continuous daily positron fluxes, together with AMS daily electron, proton, and helium fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle, provide unique input to the understanding of both the charge-sign and mass dependencies of cosmic rays in the heliosphere.

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