Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis for Quantifying Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions.

During the past two decades, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis has emerged as an important tool for studying protein-carbohydrate interactions, with several commercial instruments available. Binding affinities in the nM to mM range can be determined; however, there are pitfalls that require careful experimental design to avoid. Here we give an overview of each step in the SPR analysis from immobilization to data analysis, providing key points of consideration that will allow practitioners to achieve reliable and reproducible results.