Optimal trauma care network redesign with government subsidy: A bilevel integer programming approach

•We consider a subsidized trauma care network redesign problem to alleviate the geographic maldistribution of trauma centers and reduce system-related mistriage errors.•We propose a bilevel integer programming model, which considers the government as the leader and a hospital system as the follower.•We adapt and improve a self-developed branching idea to eliminate additional infeasible solutions and suboptimal solutions, so as to solve the resultant large-sized real-case instance efficiently.•We conduct a real-world case study to redesign a trauma care network in the midwestern region of the U.S., and achieve an overall improvement of about 11% over the original network.