Mobility of Li+, Na+, and Cs+ cations in Nafion membrane, as studied by NMR techniques

The local mobility and diffusion of Li+, Na+, and Cs+ cations in Nafion 117 membrane were explored by 7Li, 23Na, and 133Cs spin relaxation and pulsed field gradient NMR techniques. It was shown that the macroscopic mass transfer of cations is controlled by ion motion near sulfonate groups. Lithium and sodium cations, whose hydrated energy is higher than the water hydrogen bond energy, are moving together with water molecules, but cesium cations possessing a low hydrated energy are jumping directly between the neighboring sulfonate groups.