Mapping urban heat islands and heat-related risk during heat waves from a climate justice perspective: A case study in the municipality of Padua (Italy) for inclusive adaptation policies

•In summer 2022 three extreme heatwaves hit Padua, with maximum temperatures of 35.1 °C, 36.1 °C, and 35.8 °C.•Magnitude of urban heat islands reached 3–8 °C temperature anomaly, with an increase of 0.3 °C every 10% of soil sealing.•The highest climate risk is found on the spatial compresence of elderly, migrants, children and households at low income.•The GIS-based climate risk methodology provides essential insights to support inclusive and more just adaptation plannings.