Synergy between Th1 and Th2 responses during endometriosis: A review of current understanding

Endometriosis is widely perceived as an estrogen-dependent chronic disorder with infertility and pelvic pain. Although the etiology of endometriosis has remained elusive, many studies have proclaimed the relevance of immune system disorders with endometriosis. With the discovery that the dysregulation of multiple biological functions in endometriosis is caused by the aberrant differentiation of T helper cells, a shift towards Th2 immune response may account for the disease progression. This review attempts to present mechanisms of cytokines, chemokines, signal pathways, transcription factors and some other factors related with the derivation of Th1/Th2 immune response involved in the development of endometriosis. The current understanding of treatment approaches and potential therapeutic targets will also be outlined with brief discussion.