Impacts of low oscillating magnetic field on ferrofluid flow over upward/downward moving rotating disk with effects of nanoparticle diameter and nanolayer

The current research investigates the impacts of nanoparticle diameter and liquid–solid nanolayer on ferrofluid (Fe3O4-water) flow over an upward/downward moving rotating disk. Additionally, a low-oscillating magnetic field is employed to study the hydrothermal aspects of fluid flow. The governing Navier–Stokes equations are well supported by Shliomis theory to include the effects of the oscillating magnetic field in the flow domain. The effects of the pertinent non-dimensional parameters on flow and heat transport characteristics are done through tables and graphical illustrations using the fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme. The study’s primary outcome is that the presence of a low oscillating magnetic field with the downward motion of the rotating disk enhances the heat transport rate more efficiently than the stationary rotating disk, as the upward and downward movement of the disk imparts contrasting features. The nanoparticle concentration and effective magnetization parameter escalate the skin friction. Moreover, the nanolayer and base fluid conductivity ratio enhances heat transport by 19% when the disk moves upward with rotation, while it is a 12% increment when the disk is stationary rotating. The current study is calibrated in its reduced form to an already published literature to validate the model.