Dendritic Fe2O3 single crystal for high performance lithium-ion batteries by turning the concentration of the iron source

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used due to their high capacity, high safety, and low cost. The anode material exhibits significant volume changes and subsequent reversible capacity decay during the lithiation/ delithiation process, therefore, the performance of lithium-ion batteries is determined by the anode material. In this work, dendritic Fe2O3 single crystal with different precursor concentrations was prepared by hydrother-mal method. The composition and microstructure of the samples were analyzed and tested using X-ray diffrac-tion, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical performance was tested using cyclic voltage measurement and electrical impedance spectroscopy. The leaves of dendritic Fe2O3 were too small when the iron source concentration was too low to provide enough Fe3+, and excessive Fe3+ led to the leaves of dendritic Fe2O3 being too thick. The most suitable branch size and thickness of dendritic Fe2O3 single crystals were grown for 0.007 mol/l Fe3+ concentration (sample L4), and its electrode showed the best electrochemical performance. The sample L4 has a capacity of up to 734 mAh & BULL;g-1 for 200 cycles at 100 mA & BULL;g-1, and has a specific capacity retention rate of 95.4% after high current 3000 mA & BULL;g-1. This work is believed to facilitate understanding single crystal growth mechanisms and promote the develop-ment of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.