Recent progress in electrochemical detection of gluthathoine: A review

Glutathione is a naturally occurring tripeptide that is involved in bio-reductive processes, enzyme activity, amino acid transport, DNA synthesis, detoxification metabolism, oxidative stress protection, and cell defense. However due to low GSH levels less than 0.5 ​μM, various major human disorders occurred such as asthma, cancer, hepatitis, liver disease, HIV, and chlamydia etc. GSH levels can be detected using a variety of analytical techniques. However, these techniques are costly, time consuming and complex. Hence, to overcome these issues, designing and manufacturing of inexpensive, sensitive, and fast response sensors is needed for GSH detection. Using various methodologies, different mechanisms for determining glutathione have been proposed for GSH sensors. Amongst all electrochemical GSH sensors have shown a key role in obtaining reliable and sensitive detection. Electrochemical detection of glutathione (GSH) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential in various fields such as biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. The electrochemical sensing of GSH has several technological advantages, including high sensitivity, selectivity, miniaturization, and point-of-care (POC) detection capabilities. The applicability of current GSH sensors is increased by the vast range of electrode approaches, performance characteristics and electrochemical techniques described in this review. This review focuses on the electrochemical detection of GSH using various electrodes such as carbon-based electrodes and ITO based electrodes.