A local search-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for solving a multi-objective medical tourism trip design problem considering the attractiveness of trips

Nowadays, the medical tourism industry encourages many healthcare practitioners to provide high-quality and low-cost medical services for patients worldwide. The development of operations research models and algorithms is one important instrument for improving the medical tourism industry based on the economic, political, social, and cultural aspects. In this paper, a medical tourism trip design problem is developed where patients travel from their city of residence to a destination city that may be in another country to receive high-quality and low-cost medical care. The most important part of this problem is to visit a number of tourist cities for each patient individually in the destination. In addition to the total cost, the patients prefer to increase the attractiveness of trips by referring to the quality of medical services and the attractiveness of visiting tourist cities. As far as we know in the area of medical tourist studies, no study has considered the minimization of total cost and maximization of the attractiveness of trips, simultaneously using utility function. The proposed multi-objective optimization model assigns the patients from the origin country to the hospitals in the destination country while making their routing and scheduling decisions to visit the tourist cities. The proposed model is limited by patients’ interests and time restrictions while allocating patients to the hospital and orienteering the patients toward visiting tourist attractions. As a complex optimization problem, another significant novelty of this paper is the proposal of a local search-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (LSNSGA-II) for solving the proposed multi-objective optimization model. The proposed algorithm is compared with the original non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and epsilon constraint (EC) method based on different multi-objective criteria. Finally, one main finding from our analyses is finding a trade-off between the total cost and attractiveness of trips as a challenging decision while proposing high-quality solutions in a reasonable time (i.e., less than one hour).