How to integrate users into smart charging – A critical and systematic review

Many countries worldwide have adopted policies to foster the transformation from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EV) to reach national climate goals. An uptake of EVs however, irrevocably leads to an increased power demand. To meet this problem, smart charging concepts are on the rise. As smart charging implies an active role of the EV user, studying the user in the smart charging system is vital for a successful market ramp-up. Despite the user's primary role, many studies only include a limited set of user characteristics into their research design. We aim to create transparency on how the user is characterized in current research and on how different disciplines deal with and consider the user in their research. Learning how different research strands deal with the user of smart charging is the main objective of this review.