A novel hybrid piezo-triboelectric sensor (PTS) based on the surface modification for monitoring the operating status of the moving component

•The piezo-triboelectric sensor (PTS) based on surface modification is analyzed.•The nanoparticle and frosted surface endow PTS with interference resistance.•The PTS with a hierarchical layout realizes synchronous detection of two states.•The PTS demonstrates definite sensing properties for various working conditions.