Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, environmental (4E) evaluation and multi-objective optimization of a novel SOFC-ICE-SCO2-HRSG hybrid system for power and heat generation

•Proposal a cost-effective and highly efficient power generation and heating system, combining SOFC-ICE-SCO2-HRSG.•Enable the operation of SOFC and ICE independently or in a unified system, utilizing their respective fuel sources.•Enhance thermal efficiency and reduce emissions by channeling hydrogen from SOFC's anode exhaust gas into the ICE.•Recover waste heat from ICE and afterburning chamber via SCO2 cycle and steam generator, enabling power generation.•Conduct 4E evaluation, analyze key parameters, and perform multi-objective optimization.