Unveiling relationships between ecosystem services and aquatic communities in urban streams

•Stream ecosystems can provide important services to city inhabitants and sustain biodiversity.•Urbanization can affect biodiversity, impacting ecosystem services provision.•The influence between urbanization, stream biodiversity and ecosystem services was assessed.•Aquatic biota influence positively the supply of Provisioning and Regulating services.•Conservation of the urban stream ecosystems is crucial for the sustainability of cities.