Oxygen vacancy simultaneously inducing peroxymonosulfate activation and photocatalytic reaction for highly efficient ciprofloxacin degradation

•ZnAl-LDH with rich OVs (E-CZA-LDH) was prepared by Co doping and alkali etching.•The unique OVs structures can organically couple the photocatalytic reaction and PMS oxidation.•E-CZA-LDH exhibits the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and PMS activation for CIP degradation.•Both radical and non-radical processes are jointly involved in CIP degradation.