Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Surface Neoplasia

Ocular surface neoplasms include ocular surface squamous neoplasms (OSSNs), melanocytic neoplasms, and lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Diagnosis requires histopathologic examination, although novel imaging modalities including in vivo confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy may aid in diagnosis. OSSN and conjunctival melanoma traditionally are treated with surgical excision with wide margins. Low-grade ocular lymphoma typically is treated with radiotherapy and high-grade ocular lymphoma with systemic chemotherapy. Adjuvant therapies including local chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and new radiotherapy regimens may plan an increasing role, whereas new genetic discoveries may yield novel targeted therapies in the future.