Self-shedding of multifunctional biomolecular nanocarriers for H-FABP monitoring in magnetic separation self-powered photoelectrochemical and colorimetric immunoassay platform

•A split-type self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) and colorimetric dual-mode immunoassay platform was developed.•The work presented self-shedding of multifunctional biomolecular nanocarriers Fe3O4@Carbon@MnO2.•Cu2ZnSnS4 photocathode and BiVO4/FeOOH photoanode can effectively improve photoelectrochemical efficiency.•The biosensor for sensitive H-FABP detection exhibited highly effective physiological monitoring.