The positive correlation of the strain hysteresis of textured PMN–24%PT ceramics with domain wall damping

High strain hysteresis is a stumbling block for the application of piezoelectric ceramics. This research affords a new insight into the origin of the ultra-low strain hysteresis of textured 76%Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–24%PbTiO3 ceramics (PMN–24%PT). Highly textured PMN–24%PT ceramic system with some doping was successfully fabricated. This system shows unipolar strain curve approximately matching a straight line. The maximum hysteresis falls in 7%–11%. Compared to other representative piezoceramic system, current PMN–24%PT textured ceramics possess the least strain hysteresis. In addition, Mn2+ substitution for Nb5+ can inhibit domain wall mobility. The positive correlation between the ultra-low strain hysteresis and the domain wall damping is demonstrated by experiment and finite element simulation. In a conclusion, this work can enhance the understanding of strain hysteresis and contribute to high-precision piezoelectric actuators.