Facile and portable multimodal sensing platform driven by photothermal-controlled release system for biomarker detection

Portable, maneuverable and reliable versatile-integrated analytical devices are urgently demanded but still extremely challenging to meet the requirements of point-of-care testing in resource-limited areas. Herein, a multifunctional sensing platform with excellent photothermal performance was implanted into the miniature zone of a paper-based electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for accurate detection of interleukin-6, which could flexibly interconnect the visualized distance and temperature readout with ultrasensitive ECL response. Concretely, the multipurpose MBene and TaSe2 composites (MBene@TaSe2) prepared via self-assembly approach as target-associated photothermal element was introduced in the paper-based analytical device (PAD) and served as multi-signals trigger. Under the laser irradiation, MBene@TaSe2 probe not only generated heat for rapid temperature output, but also triggered the phase transition behavior of thermoresponsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel to release loaded malachite green (MG) dye for distance-based visual readout. Simultaneously, the released MG was also utilized as effective quencher to decrease the ECL signal of luminol. Benefitting from this dexterous architecture, the speedy preliminary screening and precise quantitative analysis could be subsequently obtained in single-drop sample through one-step sandwich immunoreaction, which avoids additional separation operations and greatly simplifies the analysis procedure. Undeniably, this work provides ingenious insights for advancing the development of convenient and fast multifunction-integrated PAD in family surveillance and intelligent diagnosis.