Estimation of aerosol and cloud radiative effects on terrestrial net primary productivity over northeast Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Processes of plant growth are affected by solar radiation reaching the surface, which is regulated by atmospheric components such as aerosols and clouds. However, there are still large uncertainties in evaluating the impact of aerosol radiative effects (ARE) and cloud radiative effects (CRE) on ecosystems. This study estimated the ARE and CRE on vegetation productivity from 2001 to 2020 over the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) based on MODIS satellite data coupled with the validated Radiative Transfer model (RTM) libRadtran and CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)model. The results showed that both ARE and CRE have restrained vegetation growth in the last 20 years. The net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation attenuation by ARE was strongest in summer with an increase of temperature and humidity which caused enhanced air particle transformation and hygroscopic growth, followed by spring and autumn, which were extremely affected by dust, and NPP attenuation by ARE was weakest in winter, accounting for 5.2% of the annual NPP. CRE plays an attenuating role on NPP with increasing cloudiness. The ARE reduced NPP by 18.8 g C/m2/yr, and CRE reduced NPP by 406.9 g C/m2/yr. NPP attenuation by CRE was more than ten times that of NPP attenuation by ARE, which indicated that the CRE has a much stronger weakening of NPP than ARE. The area where the trend of NPP at all-sky conditions increases/decreases had a good match with the areas where the trend of NPP by CRE increases/decreases with R2 being 0.89, indicating that CRE plays a dominant role in attenuating NPP. The increase in NPP is mainly attributed to the decrease in NPP attenuation by CRE over the past two decades. The study results could help to comprehensively understand the ARE and CRE on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and to further access and analyze vegetation ecosystem conditions.