Comparative evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the identification of clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria. Critical evaluation of discrepant results

•Overall correct identification of anaerobes using Biotyper software was 87.3%.•Five Phocaeicola (B.) dorei were misidentified as Phocaeicola (B.) vulgatus.•All Prevotella isolates were correctly identified at genus level.•Twelve Anaerococcus species were not identified by MALDI-TOF MS.•Six Peptoniphilus indolicus were found to belong to other genera/species.