Quantification and correction of motion influence for nacelle-based lidar systems on floating wind turbines

Inflow wind field measurements from nacelle-based lidar systems offer great potential for different applications including turbine control, load validation, and power performance measurements. On floating wind turbines nacelle-based lidar measurements are affected by the dynamic behavior of the floating foundations. Therefore, the effects on lidar wind speed measurements induced by floater dynamics must be understood. In this work, we investigate the influence of floater motions on wind speed measurements from forward-looking nacelle-based lidar systems mounted on floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) and suggest approaches for correcting motion-induced effects. We use an analytical model, employing the guide for the expression of uncertainty in measurements (GUM) methodology and a numerical lidar simulation for the quantification of uncertainties. It is found that the uncertainty of lidar wind speed estimates is mainly caused by the fore-aft motion of the lidar, resulting from the pitch displacement of the floater. Therefore, the uncertainty is heavily dependent on the amplitude and the frequency of the pitch motion. The bias of 10 min mean wind speed estimates is mainly influenced by the mean pitch angle of the floater and the pitch amplitude. We correct motion-induced biases in time-averaged lidar wind speed measurements with a model-based approach, employing the developed analytical model for uncertainty and bias quantification. Testing of the approach with simulated dynamics from two different FOWT concepts shows good results with remaining mean errors below 0.1 ms-1. For the correction of motion-induced fluctuation in instantaneous measurements, we use a frequency filter to correct fluctuations caused by floater pitch motions for instantaneous measurements. The correction approach's performance depends on the pitch period and amplitude of the FOWT design.