Chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent pregnancy loss and its association with clinical characteristics

Objective To evaluate the distribution of chromosomal abnormalities in a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cohort and explore the associations between chromosomal abnormalities and clinical characteristics. Method Over a 5-year period, fresh products of conception (POC) from women with RPL were analyzed by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array at our hospital. After obtaining the information on clinical characteristics, we investigated the associations between the causative chromosomal abnormalities and clinical characteristics by the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results A total of 2383 cases were enrolled. Overall, 56.9% (1355/2383) were identified with causative chromosomal abnormalities, of which 92.1% (1248/1355) were numerical abnormalities, 7.5% (102/1355) were structural variants, and 0.4% (5/1355) were loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The risk of numerical abnormalities was increased in women with maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.41–2.07), gestational age at pregnancy loss ≤ 12 weeks (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.79–4.33), less number of previous pregnancy losses (twice: OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.84–2.94; 3 times: OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23–2.05, respectively), and pregnancy with a female fetus (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15–1.62). The OR of pregnancy loss with recurrent abnormal CMA was 4.00 (95% CI: 1.87–8.58, P < 0.001) and the adjusted OR was 5.05 (95% CI: 2.00–12.72, P = 0.001). However, the mode of conception was not associated with the incidence of numerical abnormality. No association was noted between structural variants and clinical characteristics. Conclusion Chromosomal abnormality was the leading cause of RPL. Numerical chromosome abnormality was more likely to occur in cases with advanced maternal age, an earlier gestational age, fewer previous pregnancy losses, and pregnancy with a female fetus.