Low-dimensional group IV-VII transition metal polychalcogenides and chemical aspects of their applications

This review systematizes literature data on polymeric polychalcogenides of group IV-VII transition metals (TiS3, VS4, NbSe3, MoSx, ReS4, etc.). It covers the structural characteristics of crystalline compounds and the proposed structural models of amorphous phases. The latest advances in the synthesis of these low-dimensional materials at the nanoscale are presented. Their chemical properties are discussed, in particular, those arising from the presence of the dichalcogenide bonds. It is emphasized that the properties of the S-S (or Se-Se) groups largely determine the distinctive features of polychalcogenides and the unusual phenomena observed in them. In particular, these groups play an important role in the performance of electrode materials in metal-ion batteries, photo- and electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, and mercury vapour sorbents based on transition metal polychalcogenides, which is also addressed in this review. The bibliography includes 304 references.