Footwall geomorphology during necking domain evolution: A new model for the Froya High, mid-Norwegian rifted margin

Observations and modelling results from highly extended regions indicate that detachment fault systems recording displacements of 10 km or more become associated with footwall uplift and back-rotation. This is commonly explained by the rolling hinge model, which predicts detachment fault back-rotation and severe dip reduction (<20 degrees) controlled by the amount of extension. Although detachment faults within necking domains at rifted margins often record displacements in orders consistent with those for the rolling hinge model, it is rarely invoked to explain the associated footwall configurations. Our study area encircles the necking domain of the mid-Norwegian rifted margin, where the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Klakk Fault Complex (KFC) directly separates the Froya High from the Ras Basin. The Froya High represents the eroded footwall of the KFC detachment fault system which records displacements of 20-40 km. Seismic mapping and well correlation across the Froya High reveal how three erosional unconformities correspond to three laterally extensive top basement segments which follow the strike of the sinuous KFC. The segments differ in terms of dip, basement geomorphology and the composition and age of the sediments that rest unconformably on the top of basement. We attribute the associated cross-cutting basement unconformities across the Froya High to footwall uplift and back-rotation during fluctuating relative sea-level and repeated subaerial exposure during Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times. We herein introduce a revised tectono-sedimentary model for the evolution of the Froya High, with significant implications for sediment (re-)routing across the high during rifting. The model indicates that spatio-temporal sediment distribution was ultimately controlled by the process of necking and evolution of the KFC. Our findings indicate a rolling hinge-type evolution for the KFC and further suggest that the associated mechanisms may be more common in the necking domains of rifted margins than previously assumed.