Structural characteristics of the moss (bryophyte) layer and its underlying soil structure and water retention characteristics

Aims The influence of the moss layer on soil structure and soil water retention is not well understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the changes in soil structure and soil water retention under moss layer and to reveal the influencing factors of these changes. Methods 3D networks of moss layer and soil macropores were quantified using CT scanning and image analysis techniques, and soil water retention characteristics were explored through soil water retention curves (SWRCs) and VG model. Results The length densities of the soil macropores under the thin moss and thick moss layers were approximately 2.7 and 1.6 times higher than that under no moss cover. The soil water retention under the thin and thick moss layers were greater than those under no moss cover, with the highest plant-available water capacity under the thin moss layer. The maximum water-holding capacity of the moss layer was significantly positively correlated with the field water-holding capacity of the soil and negatively correlated with the equivalent diameter of the macropores, while the storage capacity of the moss layer was significantly and negatively correlated with the maximum effective water content of the soil. The field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) were significantly and positively correlated with the soil organic matter. Conclusions The effect of the moss layer on water retention may be mainly realized by influencing the pore distribution and organic matter accumulation. The moss layer had a positive ecohydrological effect on soil water retention and even water conservation in forest soils.