Optimized Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Integrated with IoT: An Approach Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Algorithms

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a significant architecture for data collection in various applications. However, the integration of WSNs with IoT poses energy-related challenges due to limited sensor node energy, increased energy consumption for wireless data sharing, and the necessity of energy-efficient routing protocols for reliable transmission and reduced energy consumption. This paper proposes an opti-mized energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks integrated with the Internet of Things. The protocol aims to improve network lifetime and secure data transmission by identifying the optimal Clus-ter Heads (CHs) in the network, selected using a Tree Hierarchical Deep Convolutional Neural Network. To achieve this, the paper introduces a fitness functiothat takes into account cluster density, traffic rate, energy, IP: 203 8 109 20 On Fri 26 May 2023 12 45:22 collision, delay throughput, and distance from thcapacity ode. Additionally, the paper considers three fac-Copyr ght: Ame rican Scientific Publishers tors, including trust, connectivity, and QoS, to detmine the best course of action. The paper also presents Delivered by Ingenta a novel optimization approach, using the hybrid Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and Woodpecker Mating Algorithm (WMA), to optimize trust, connectivity, and QoS parameters for optimal path selection with minimal delay. The simulation process is implemented in MATLAB, and the developed method's efficiency is evalu-ated using several performance metrics. The results of the simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which achieved significantly lower delay (99.67%, 98.38%, 89.34%, and 97.45%), higher delivery ratio (89.34%, 89.34%, 83.12%, and 88.96%), and lower packet drop (93.15%, 91.25%, 79.90%, and 92.88%) in comparison to existing methods. These outcomes indicate the potential of the optimized energy -efficient routing protocol to improve network lifetime and ensure secure data transmission in WSNs integrated with IoT.