Recent developments in implantable neural probe technologies

Understanding neural circuit functions requires tools that can interrogate the activity of a large number of neurons over extended periods of time. Implantable neural probes can record and modulate neuronal activities at high spatiotemporal resolution, representing one of the most applied tools in basic and applied neuroscience. Over the past decade, implantable neural probe technologies have evolved considerably in terms of capability and reliability. This article focuses on the latest developments in implantable neural probe technologies that are enabled by advanced materials and processing strategies. We highlight implantable neural probes that can allow for large-scale and long-lasting neural activity recordings. In addition, we describe recent developments in multifunctional neural probes for combined electrophysiological recording and modulation functionalities. The wide dissemination and clinical translation of these technologies will rapidly advance our understanding of the brain and provide new opportunities for the treatment of neurological diseases. Graphical abstract