Load frequency composite control for multi-region interconnected power systems.

This paper investigates a composite controller for load frequency control (LFC) in multi-region interconnected power systems via sliding mode observer design. State observers (SOs) and disturbance observers (DOs) are implied for the LFC based on the load variations with communication delays and quantization output measurements. A nonlinear integral sliding surface combined with a composite controller is developed to optimize control performance. Moreover, a three-area power system model is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in the illustrative example, confirming that frequency deviations can be rejected despite delays, uncertainties, and quantization during transmission.& COPY; 2023 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.