Spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration in an irrigated olive grove in southeastern Spain

<p>Olive grove management entails environmental and socio-economic repercussions for the Mediterranean region. Maintaining&#160;bare&#160;soil&#160;in alleys is the most common management in this crop, but its implications for soil respiration (R_soil) are not well understood. Although previous studies have quantified R_soil at specific moments, soil respiration has not yet been continuously measured in olive groves. In this study a complete year of R_soil&#160;measurements was taken in an irrigated&#160;olive grove in southeast of Spain. To avoid spontaneous weed growth a glyphosate-based&#160;herbicide&#160;was periodically applied. Six automated soil CO₂ efflux chambers with additional sensors of soil temperature (T) and soil water content (SWC) were controled by a multichamber monitoring system (Li-8100A, Li-cor). With the aim of know the spatial variability in R_soil and facilitate scaling up to estimate ecosystem soil respiration, 3 chambers were installed under the olive tree canopy and 3 chambers in the alleys.</p><p>Preliminary results show that R_soil increased in the warmer months and decreased in the colder months as expected. Also, daily R_soil values under the trees are normally several times higher than in the alleys but this ratio changed with the seasons. In warm months, daily R_soil under the tree was 2-3 times higher than daily R_soil in the alley, while in cold months (like January) it was 6 times higher. In the alleys, diurnal variability was detected in R_soil except in winter. While R_soil under the trees was practically constant throughout the day during the year except in summer&#160;when there appears to be a relationship with the&#160;decrease in the flux of photosynthates in environments with high VPD. In spring R_soil-alleys was double at midday versus night-time. Additionally, a positive and a negative relationship was established with temperature and SWC respectively. On the other hand, we found no clear relationship for R_soil under the tree with respect to T or SWC. These preliminary results suggest a considerable R_soil component of total ecosystem respiration influenced by the tree which&#160;does&#160;not&#160;depend&#160;on&#160;changes in T and SWC and that should be included in the partition models.</p>