A cross-sectional study to evaluate predisposing factors for keratoconus in Saudi Arabia

Abstract In cases of atopy, IgE antibodies are formed in reaction to certain environmental factors like house dust mites, pollen, or even food allergens. Some studies have shown an association between atopic diseases and keratoconus. This study aims to determine the prevalence of atopy and its associated factors among keratoconus patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Jazan population attending ophthalmology clinics in PMNH regardless of their sex. Data collection started in August 2020 and finished in mid June 2021. The sample was selected using the convenience sampling technique and the total sample size was 83 participants. Data were collected via a questionnaire-based interview that contained 46 questions in the Arabic language. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. Family history is the leading predisposing factor for keratoconus (P < 0.001). Also, eye rubbing was a significant (P < 0.015) trigger for keratoconus. However, other factors, including demographic factors such as gender and atopic conditions, did not have any significant association. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is the leading cause of the development of keratoconus; however, family history is the most influential factor, followed by eye rubbing.