Structural aspects of topology optimization in 3D printing of concrete

The 3D printing technologies have been initially developed in the 1980s. Currently, these technologies have become an integral part of modern product development and have been successfully applied in a wide range of industries including automotive manufacturing, biomedical, consumer, food, and construction. Since material efficiency is becoming a critical design driver in the construction industry, many strategies for improving material efficiency have been developed such as recycling materials, reusing components, reducing waste, extending life spans, etc. Furthermore, in the design phases, there are different design models that reduce the use of materials such as hollow‐core and pre‐stressing construction systems, or by applying concept of Topological Optimization. Topology optimization is a design method used in 3D printing technologies to reduce material without affecting the functionality of an object.