Triple Cation perovskites: Exploring the optimal process parameters of slot-die coated n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Abstract Upscaling of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the most decisive approach towards commercialization of this technology via optimization of scalable manufacturing processes. Here, we report lab-scale slot-die coated “triple cation” Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbBr0.51I2.49 (Cs-MAFA) perovskite solar cells with ~ 16% power conversion efficiency (PCE) measured under 1 sun illumination. This study provides thorough optimization of coating temperature and perovskite ink concentration to obtain favorable morphology and thickness of perovskite thin film. We realized that FACl additive were found to be determining factors to obtain the high performance PSCs. In-situ-GIWAXS measurements were carried out to analyze the perovskite film formation process of perovskite layer with and without FACl additive. This work is important for the development of PSCs modules as well as tandems.