Perioperative considerations for elective surgery in patients with deep brain stimulation implantation

In the more than 30 years that have passed since its introduction, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective and safe for a growing number of diseases, such as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. As a result of population aging due to the increase in life expectancy, the number of patients requiring DBS implantation is increasing. These patients often require surgery or treatment for diseases other than the original disease that required DBS. Most diagnostic tests or procedures can damage the DBS system by various mechanisms, so clinicians unfamiliar with DBS have difficulty treating these patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge necessary for patient management that will be useful for clinicians treating patients with DBS implantation.